The Triangle of Memory

Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval

The triangle of memory—Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval—represents the three fundamental stages of how the brain processes and retains information. These elements work together to help us learn, remember, and recall experiences.

1. Encoding – This is the initial process of converting sensory input into a form the brain can store. Information is encoded through visual, auditory, and semantic methods, allowing external stimuli to become internal representations.

2. Storage – Once encoded, information is stored in short-term, long-term, or working memory. The brain organizes and consolidates memories, determining which are retained for extended periods and which are discarded.

3. Retrieval – The final stage involves accessing stored information when needed. Retrieval can be either recall (bringing information to mind without cues) or recognition (identifying familiar information when presented).

   
   

Together, Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval form the cognitive foundation for learning, problem-solving, and navigating daily life.